The ratio of between-group variance to within-group variance. A high F-value suggests the differences are likely real and not due to chance.
Represents the number of independent values that can vary. is the number of groups, and is the total number of observations. Sum of Squares (SS): Measures the total variation. SSBetweencap S cap S sub cap B e t w e e n end-sub quantifies variation between group means, while SSWithincap S cap S sub cap W i t h i n end-sub measures variation within each group (random noise). anova table pdf download
The probability that the observed differences occurred by random chance. Typically, a p-value less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Step-by-Step Calculation Guide ANOVA - Table Parts The ratio of between-group variance to within-group variance