Hydrocarbons are compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. Saturated (Alkanes) Unsaturated (Alkenes/Alkynes) ) or Triple ( General Formula CnH2n+2cap C sub n cap H sub 2 n plus 2 end-sub CnH2ncap C sub n cap H sub 2 n end-sub (Alkenes) / CnH2n−2cap C sub n cap H sub 2 n minus 2 end-sub Reactivity Less reactive Highly reactive Flame Clean blue flame Yellow sooty flame 5. Functional Groups and Homologous Series
Ammonium or sulphonate salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. They are effective even in hard water. TopperLearning Carbon and its Compounds notes for CBSE Class 10 Chemistry carbon and its compounds class 10 notes pdf download
Carbon has an atomic number of 6, with an electronic configuration of (2, 4). It has in its outermost shell. To achieve a stable noble gas configuration, carbon cannot easily lose or gain four electrons due to high energy requirements. Instead, it shares electrons with other atoms to form covalent bonds . Single Bond: Sharing of one pair of electrons (e.g., Double Bond: Sharing of two pairs of electrons (e.g., Triple Bond: Sharing of three pairs of electrons (e.g., 2. The Versatile Nature of Carbon They are effective even in hard water
Sodium or potassium salts of long-chain fatty acids. They form micelles to trap oily dirt. However, they form scum in hard water due to reaction with Ca2+cap C a raised to the 2 plus power Mg2+cap M g raised to the 2 plus power To achieve a stable noble gas configuration, carbon