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A is a material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor (like copper) and an insulator (like glass).
Most common semiconductors, such as Silicon (Si) and Germanium (Ge) , have four valence electrons. download semiconductors pdf
By adding impurities, manufacturers create N-type (excess electrons) or P-type (excess "holes") materials. Combining these creates the PN junction , the building block of diodes and transistors. The Manufacturing Process (The "Fab") A is a material with electrical conductivity between
Creating a microchip is one of the most complex human achievements, often involving over several months. Semiconductor Fabrication Process Overview | PDF - Scribd Combining these creates the PN junction , the
They feature a narrow "forbidden band gap" (approx. 1 eV). At absolute zero, they act as insulators, but at room temperature, electrons gain enough energy to jump from the valence band to the conduction band, allowing electrical flow.