If you are using a cheaper "clone" board, it likely uses the CH340 chip instead of the official ATmega16U2. You will need to download the CH340 Driver specifically to make these boards work. How to Install Drivers on Windows 10 & 11
Depending on your specific board and operating system, there are two main sources for drivers: download usb driver for arduino uno
Getting your computer to recognize an Arduino Uno is the first step in any electronics project. While modern operating systems often handle this automatically, many users—especially those with or older systems —need to download and install drivers manually. Where to Download Arduino Uno Drivers If you are using a cheaper "clone" board,
The easiest way to get the correct drivers is to download the official Arduino IDE Software . The Windows installer automatically includes the necessary drivers for genuine boards. download usb driver for arduino uno