Large areas of natural forests were cleared to make way for tea, coffee, and rubber plantations to meet Europe's growing demand. 2. The Rise of Commercial Forestry
The British believed that forests were unproductive "wastelands." By clearing forests for agriculture, they could increase land revenue and produce crops like jute, sugar, and wheat for Europe. forest society and colonialism class 9 notes pdf download
A system of planting one type of tree in straight rows. Large areas of natural forests were cleared to
While the British promoted the "sport" of hunting big game (tigers, leopards), they banned local people from hunting for food, calling it "poaching." 4. Rebellion in the Forest: The Case of Bastar A system of planting one type of tree in straight rows
Although the British suppressed the rebellion, they were forced to suspend the reservation of forests and reduce the reserved area to roughly half of what was originally planned. 5. Forest Transformations in Java
The Dutch imposed rents on land being cultivated in the forest and then exempted some villages if they provided free labor and buffaloes for cutting and transporting timber.
Established in 1864 to manage forest resources.