The feature is a versatile tool that uses your smartphone's camera to identify and translate text in the real world. Whether you are navigating foreign street signs, reading a menu, or deciphering technical documents, this functionality bridges language gaps through a combination of optical character recognition (OCR) and neural machine translation. How to Use Google Translate Photo Mode

You can translate text from images using either a live camera view or by importing existing photos from your gallery. Translate images - Android - Google Help